Modelling 24/7 Carbon Free Electricity in Asia

Assessing the costs, benefits and impact of hourly clean energy matching regimes for India, Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia & Singapore.

TransitionZero's grid dispatch modelling examines the system-level costs and benefits of 24/7 carbon free electricity procurement for five Asian countries. In a series of reports, we'll explore how companies can procure hourly-matched clean electricity at minimal extra cost, and the benefits of hourly-matching regimes for grid operators and governments.

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countries

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scenarios

What is 24/7 CFE?

24/7 CFE means matching every hour of electricity use with electricity from carbon-free sources. It ensures clean power is actually available when it is needed, all day, every day, instead of buying annual clean energy certificates.

This approach is especially important for heavy industry and cloud computing, whose electricity demand is typically flat around the clock, making it essential for their long-term decarbonisation.

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THE PROBLEM

Annual matched accounting of carbon emissions doesn't reflect the realities of the grid

C&I power consumers are grappling with mismatches between the generation and consumption patterns of clean electricity

1. Reliance on 100% annual matching through renewables PPAs results in cycles of oversupply and deficit.

Only some hours in a day truly benefit from carbon free energy. Matching consumption to generation hour-by-hour seeks to maximise CFE reliance around the clock – 24/7 CFE.

2. Annual accounting of clean electricity purchasing masks the variability of renewable generation technologies.

The GHG Accounting Protocol is evolving. It may recommend companies reduce Scope 2 emissions by maximising their CFE score across all hours of the year.

3. Under a 24/7 CFE regime, a C&I buyer's electricity use is fully matched with clean electricity.

Our modelling compares a 100% annual matching scenario and CFE scenarios ranging from 70% to 100% CFE hourly matching.
“Our analysis shows round-the-clock clean electricity planning & procurement is a 'no regrets' option. Companies can procure hourly-matched clean electricity at minimal extra cost, grid operators save money through least-cost grid planning, & governments can deliver the energy transition at the lowest cost.”
Matt Gray, Co-founder & CEO.
TransitionZero

Our research uses a grid dispatch model

OUR APPROACH

Assessing critical grid planning questions

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Technologies
How will nascent technology, like storage or innovative thermal, support a higher share of hourly-matched CFE?
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System impacts
What are the costs and benefits of hourly matching at the system level for buyers, utilities and governments?
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Decarbonisation
What are the implications in markets with high levels of fossil generation if buyers migrate to hourly matching?
THE RESULTS

A five report series

Results will be released between July and September of 2025 in a report. Malaysia and Singapore reports will be released in tandem.

A CFE model package will be made available in Q3 of 2025.

Join our newsletter for CFE modelling updates.

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Japan

September 2025

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Taiwan

September 2025

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Malaysia, Singapore

September 2025

Insights

Read our latest CFE insights

Our partners

This research has been made possible through the generosity of Google.org.

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